Causes of Urbanization

Urbanization, which means migration from rural areas to cities, is not an ancient term. Along with The Industrial Age, huge factories were started to construct. As a result of this, people from rural areas migrated to towns due to job opportunities. However, industrialization is not only a stimulating factor for urbanization, the society we live in and the facilities of cities also have the effects of urbanization. Therefore, the causes of urbanization can be analyzed in three different aspects, which are employment opportunities, social benefits and services, and high community pressure in rural areas.

Firstly, in terms of employment opportunities, because the economy in rural areas is based on agriculture and farming, there is not a wide range of job opportunities in such places. Besides, the soil that grants crops and farming animals that are used economically are generally inherited from ancestors to the next generations. So, there is no way to make ends meet in rural areas for people from poor families; consequently, they migrate to towns because further job opportunities are offered in cities compared to rural areas.

Secondly, in terms of social benefits and services, rural areas are unfortunately more deprived of providing facilities. Because cities ensure better facilities such as qualified schools and fully equipped hospitals people who live in rural areas migrate to cities in order to access such things easily.

Finally, in terms of high community pressure in rural areas, it is a fact that the amount of community pressure on people's private life is enormous in rural areas. That's why, people who don't conform to common morality principles of societies in which they live prefer migrating to big cities, where nobody is interested in what type of life they live. 

In conclusion, urbanization mainly stems from several reasons such as employment opportunities, social benefits and services, and high community pressure in rural areas. Even though people who choose to migrate might face more rigid problems such as the high cost of living in big cities, the rate of urbanization is immense. In fact, states can easily handle most of the causes of the urbanization problem by investing equally everywhere and combating unemployment locally.