The 3 Fundamental Laws of Hegelian Dialectics

1- The Law of the Transformation of Quantity into Quality: Hegel says that things usually change gradually. But sometimes there is a sudden leap. With this leap, they enter a different state. He says that it is only a qualitative change that can take place after the transformation of a quantitative change. Things change slowly. You can add anything to these things. So why does Karl Marx care about this? Where does this fit in his own theory? How can Karl Marx use this? Marx says that society changes in the same way. It usually changes gradually. But then there are sudden transformations. These transformations are called revolutions.

2- The Law of the Unity of Opposites: Hegel says that perhaps everything in the world exists in opposition. Night and day, hot and cold, good and bad... but here we call them opposites. However, there is also such a thing. In fact, they are not separate things at all. They form such a unity that none of them can exist outside this unity. There cannot be evil without knowing good. We cannot know the meaning of day without night and evil without good. The existence of each depends on the existence of the other. These are opposites. But they are also a mechanism together. Hegel argues that there cannot be one without the other. There are winners and losers in the system. One side is rich and the other poor. According to the law of the unity of opposites, the bourgeoisie is against the working class. Machines need workers to work and bourgeois to give work. Both must exist within the capitalist system. The working class and the bourgeois class are the most fundamental elements of the capitalist system. And they are opposed to each other. But there cannot be such a system without one of them.

3- Negation of Negation: Everyone has contradictions and problems within themselves that will eventually cause them to collapse. No idea is perfect. They all have problems, issues, contradictions. These problems arise at the end of the day. What emerges is the antithesis. And when this antithesis emerges, it negates the thesis. But even if this antithesis refutes the thesis or shows the contradiction, it will contain contradictions within itself. In this way, it becomes the negation of negation. Negation, that is, the refutation of the thesis by the antithesis, is negated. What is produced by the antithesis will again be negated by the antithesis. And so on until it reaches perfection.

Karl Marx says that capitalism has revealed the contradictions of feudalism. So it negated it. Then one day, someone will bring out the contradictions of capitalism and negate it. He thinks that history will go on like this. Capitalism, feudalism, and socialism are all modes of production. In every negation, the contradictions are left behind. The good is preserved. Karl Marx says that socialism will leave behind the exploitation of capitalism. But it will maintain the advanced technology that came from capitalism. So the process of negation of negation emphasizes something progressive and optimistic.